{"id":2940,"date":"2024-05-25T21:34:25","date_gmt":"2024-05-25T21:34:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/racodelacalma.com\/inici\/?page_id=2940"},"modified":"2025-05-06T15:38:01","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T15:38:01","slug":"autisme","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/racodelacalma.com\/inici\/autisme\/","title":{"rendered":"autisme"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2940\" class=\"elementor elementor-2940\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69pkprk e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"69pkprk\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d21b7e0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d21b7e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9fd9dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e9fd9dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Autisme<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ge4uyrz e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ge4uyrz\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dbc6fb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7dbc6fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6658dc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6658dc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\"L'amor \u00e9s el llenguatge universal que connecta cors, incl\u00fas quan les paraules s\u00f3n escasses\"\n\n<br><br>Kerry Magro<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38e509c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"38e509c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be00b85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be00b85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l'autisme?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e30ab23 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e30ab23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7613d7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7613d7d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Segons el DSM V, abreviaci\u00f3 de &#8220;Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders&#8221; (Manual Diagn\u00f2stic i Estad\u00edstic de Trastorns Mentals), l&#8217;autisme, sota la nomenclatura de TEA, \u00e9s un trastorn del neurodesenvolupament caracteritzat per dificultats en la comunicaci\u00f3 social i la pres\u00e8ncia de comportaments repetitius o restringits. Aquest diagn\u00f2stic identifica patrons espec\u00edfics de comportament, interessos o activitats, aix\u00ed com una sensibilitat \u00fanica a est\u00edmuls sensorials. No obstant aix\u00f2, \u00e9s important recon\u00e8ixer que les manifestacions de l&#8217;autisme varien ampliament d&#8217;una persona a una altra.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>D&#8217;altra banda, la perspectiva de la neurodiversitat -que emergeix com a moviment social i acad\u00e8mic a finals del segle XX impulsat per activistas i investigadors autistes i defensors dels drets de les persones amb diversitat funcional amb l&#8217;objectiu de promoure una comprensi\u00f3 m\u00e9s positiva i respectuosa de les difer\u00e8ncies neurobiol\u00f2giques- rebutja el terme TEA per considerar que l\u2019autisme \u00e9s una caracter\u00edstica neurobio\u00f2gica i no un trastorn. Sovint es propen els termes CEA (condici\u00f3 de l\u2019espectre autista) o EA (espectre autista) en contrapartida al que es considera una visi\u00f3 capacitista, discriminat\u00f2ria i poc arrelada a la realitat.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Considera l&#8217;autisme, a m\u00e9s, una variaci\u00f3 natural de la diversitat humana, valorant m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de les dificultats (que hi s\u00f3n, i requereixen suport) les habilitats \u00faniques que les persones autistes aporten a la societat, com la percepci\u00f3 detallada i la creativitat. Aquest paradigma es fonamenta en la idea que la diversitat cognitiva, emocional i conductual \u00e9s inherent a la naturalesa humana. Sorgeix com una resposta cr\u00edtica a les visions patologitzadores de les difer\u00e8ncies neurobiol\u00f2giques. A trav\u00e9s de la promoci\u00f3 de la comprensi\u00f3, el respecte i el suport, el paradigma de la neurodiversitat busca crear un entorn inclusiu on les persones autistes puguin desenvolupar-se i contribuir al seu potencial m\u00e0xim.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44a0864 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44a0864\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-296f9dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"296f9dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Una mica d'hist\u00f2ria<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f59acc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0f59acc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8056214 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8056214\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"\" data-start=\"69\" data-end=\"996\">La paraula autisme prov\u00e9 del terme llat\u00ed <em data-start=\"101\" data-end=\"111\">autismus<\/em>, en la base del qual hi ha la paraula grega <em data-start=\"156\" data-end=\"163\">aut\u00f3s<\/em> (un mateix), i va sorgir l\u2019any 1911 per designar una de les caracter\u00edstiques de l\u2019esquizofr\u00e8nia: la p\u00e8rdua de contacte amb la realitat. Per a Eugen Bleuler, consistia en un mecanisme de defensa secundari a la dissociaci\u00f3 d\u2019idees i sentiments propis de l\u2019esquizofr\u00e8nia (Pacheco, 2018). I encara que posteriorment es va anar redefinint, continua essent molt vigent la connotaci\u00f3 negativa. De fet, si es busca el seu significat al diccionari, obtindrem dues accepcions: la primera fa refer\u00e8ncia a una caracter\u00edstica patol\u00f2gica de la personalitat de tancar-se en si mateixa; la segona \u00e9s el terme m\u00e8dic segons el qual es tracta d\u2019un trastorn del desenvolupament que afecta la interacci\u00f3 social i la comunicaci\u00f3, aix\u00ed com per l\u2019aparici\u00f3 de patrons de comportament restringits, repetitius i estereotipats (Reial Acad\u00e8mia Espanyola, 2023).<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"69\" data-end=\"996\"><br><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"69\" data-end=\"996\">\n<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"69\" data-end=\"996\">\n<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"998\" data-end=\"1590\">L\u2019any 1943 es va separar definitivament de l\u2019esquizofr\u00e8nia per la seva aparici\u00f3 primerenca, entre altres s\u00edmptomes, amb els treballs de L\u00e9o Kanner i Hans Asperger (Pacheco, 2018). Aix\u00f2 va suposar un gran aven\u00e7 per a la comprensi\u00f3 de la condici\u00f3, encara que les perspectives dels diferents autors eren diferents: si Kanner va posar \u00e8mfasi en la import\u00e0ncia de l\u2019autisme com una condici\u00f3 del desenvolupament, Asperger va descriure comportaments que s\u2019assemblaven m\u00e9s a un trastorn de la personalitat i va informar que els pares dels seus casos mostraven problemes similars (Rosen et al., 2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"998\" data-end=\"1590\"><br><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"998\" data-end=\"1590\">\n<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"998\" data-end=\"1590\">\n<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1592\" data-end=\"2467\">Entre els anys seixanta i setanta del segle passat es va avan\u00e7ar molt en la conceptualitzaci\u00f3 i diagn\u00f2stic de l\u2019autisme: es va crear la primera llista de verificaci\u00f3 per avaluar els possibles trets d\u2019autisme; van apar\u00e8ixer diverses l\u00ednies d\u2019investigaci\u00f3 que coincidien en la seva diferenciaci\u00f3 respecte a l\u2019esquizofr\u00e8nia, ja que no es considerava una manifestaci\u00f3 primerenca d\u2019aquesta, i autors com Rutter el 1978 van proposar noves definicions que inclo\u00efen capacitats ling\u00fc\u00edstiques i socials deficients, interessos restringits i conductes repetitives des d\u2019edats primerenques. Aquesta perspectiva va ser inclosa al DSM-III (Rosen et al., 2021). A m\u00e9s, la Societat Nord-americana per a Nens Autistes va proposar una altra definici\u00f3 que inclo\u00efa ritmes i seq\u00fc\u00e8ncies de desenvolupament inusuals i posava \u00e8mfasi en la hipo i la hipersensibilitat a l\u2019ambient (Rosen et al., 2021).<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1592\" data-end=\"2467\"><br><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1592\" data-end=\"2467\">\n<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1592\" data-end=\"2467\">\n<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"2469\" data-end=\"2820\">Amb el DSM-V (American Psychological Association, 2023) s\u2019abandona la multiplicitat de subcategories presents en les versions anteriors (com ara s\u00edndrome d\u2019Asperger, trastorn autista&#8230;) i s\u2019aposta per una perspectiva \u00fanica: el trastorn de l\u2019espectre autista o TEA, el qual es caracteritza per una presentaci\u00f3 molt variada entre les diferents persones.&nbsp;<span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.9px;\">Tanmateix, en la pr\u00e0ctica escolar i en altres \u00e0mbits, aquestes classificacions continuen sent molt presents, igual que el debat entorn del concepte mateix, que segueix sotm\u00e8s a interpretacions diverses i sovint oposades. Aix\u00f2 fa que els criteris actuals en qu\u00e8 es basen la majoria de professionals per al seu diagn\u00f2stic encara estiguin lluny de ser considerats com a definitius (Artigas-Pallar\u00e8s i Paula, 2012).<\/span><\/p><article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full\" dir=\"auto\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-10\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\"><div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto py-5 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @[37rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @[70rem]:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(12)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\"><div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:32rem] @[34rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @[64rem]:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto flex max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 text-base gap-4 md:gap-5 lg:gap-6 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"group\/conversation-turn relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\"><div class=\"relative flex-col gap-1 md:gap-3\"><div class=\"flex justify-start\"><div class=\"touch:-me-2 touch:-ms-3.5 -ms-2.5 -me-1 flex items-center p-1 select-none -mt-1 duration-[1.5s] focus-within:transition-none hover:transition-none pointer-events-none [mask-image:linear-gradient(to_right,black_33%,transparent_66%)] [mask-position:100%_0%] [mask-size:300%_100%] motion-safe:transition-[mask-position] group-hover\/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-hover\/turn-messages:[mask-position:0_0] group-focus-within\/turn-messages:pointer-events-auto group-focus-within\/turn-messages:[mask-position:0_0] has-data-[state=open]:pointer-events-auto has-data-[state=open]:[mask-position:0_0]\"><button class=\"text-token-text-secondary hover:bg-token-main-surface-secondary rounded-lg\" aria-label=\"Leer en voz alta\" data-testid=\"voice-play-turn-action-button\"><br><\/button><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mt-3 w-full empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"text-center\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"absolute\">\n<div class=\"flex items-center justify-center\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<div class=\"pointer-events-none h-px w-px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-edge=\"true\">&nbsp;<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77367e0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"77367e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e036fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e036fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Autisme en positiu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6259756 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6259756\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8903706 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8903706\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tot i que sovint es menystenen o s\u2019infravaloren, l\u2019autisme porta associades una serie d\u2019habilitats molt positives que aporten molts avantatges com ara<\/p><ul><li>La <b>detecci\u00f3 de patrons<\/b>: la ment autista processa la informaci\u00f3n de tal manera que detecta de forma molt r\u00e0pida patrons i relacions de similitud.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Una <b>mem\u00f2ria<\/b> molt detallada, que emmagatzema gran quantitat d\u2019est\u00edmuls i molt v\u00edvids, la qual provoca major facilitat per conectar idees o fets que per a altres persones no s\u00f3n evidents.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><b>Ment anal\u00edtica<\/b> i detallada. Aquest \u00e9s el motiu pel qual molts nes\/es autistes prefereixen jugar a passar p\u00e0gines d\u2019un conte o a donar voltes a les rodes d\u2019un cotxe de joguina, ja que els agrada analizar els elements de forma detallada, per parts, comprobar els mecanismes que provoquen el moviment de les peces, etc. Sovint s\u2019ha considerat que es tractava de falta d\u2019imaginaci\u00f3 i d\u2019una incapacitat per jugar \u201ccorrectamente\u201d quan es tracta d\u2019una manifestaci\u00f3 temprana d\u2019una caracter\u00edstica cognitiva a valorar.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Gran capacitat de concentraci\u00f3 en tasques espec\u00edfiques (<b>hiperenfocament<\/b>) que porta la persona a una gran expertesa i profunditat de coneixements en els \u00e0mbits del seu inter\u00e9s.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><b>Resoluci\u00f3 de problemes<\/b> d&#8217;una manera no convencional.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><b>Alta sensibilitat emocional<\/b>: l\u2019anomenada \u201cempat\u00eda autista\u201d a diferencia del que es sol creure tendeix a ser major que en la poblaci\u00f3n neurot\u00edpica. Tot i aix\u00ed les dificultats \/ difer\u00e8ncies respecte les convencions socials que apareixen en extressar-la ocasionen la falsa creen\u00e7a que les persones autistes no s\u00f3n emp\u00e0tiques i\/o s\u00f3n molt planes emocionalment. Cal diferenciar entre el que les persones senten i el que la resta percep\/interpreta del seu comportament ja que les formes d\u2019expressi\u00f3 emocional autistes s\u00f3n diferents de les neurot\u00edpiques per\u00f2 aix\u00f2 no invalida els seus sentiments.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><b>Alta sensibilitat ambiental<\/b>: sovint les persones autistes s\u00f3n capaces de registrar els est\u00edmuls sensorials (sorolls, llums, olors, tacte&#8230;) de forma m\u00e9s intensa que la majoria, la qual cosa \u00e9s responsable de la major capacitat per captar detalls i matisos que la majoria no veu i com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia d\u2019aix\u00f2, d\u2019emmagatzemar en la memoria records tamb\u00e9 molt m\u00e9s detallats. Com a contrapartida, aix\u00f2 \u00e9s la causa dels \u201ccol\u00b7lapses sensorials\u201d &gt; una eina per evitar-los \u00e9s realizar un perfil sensorial ja que si b\u00e9 no totes les persones autistes s\u00f3n hipersensibles a tots els est\u00edmulos (potser als auditius s\u00ed per\u00f2 no als t\u00e0ctils\u2026) i fins i tot n\u2019hi ha que s\u00f3n hiposensibles i no registren o registren a molt baix intensitat els est\u00edmuls o alguns d\u2019ells, entorn del 90% presenten un desordre del processament sensorial (\u00e9s a dir, aquesta condici\u00f3 que provoca una difer\u00e8ncia important entre la intensitat de l\u2019est\u00edmul i com el rep la persona). Tamb\u00e9, per\u00f2, cal tenir en compte que en alguns \u00e0mbits les persones autistes pot ser menys sensibles que la majoria de la poblaci\u00f3 a certs est\u00edmuls sensorials, per la qual cosa poden necessitar posar la m\u00fasica m\u00e9s alta, o els pot costar detectar senyals de gana, de dolor&#8230; per la qual cosa cal que generin estrat\u00e8gies per cobrir les necessitats b\u00e0siques tot i no ser sempre conscients de qu\u00e8 necessiten.<\/li><\/ul><blockquote><p>Aix\u00f2 es deu a que un percentatge molt i molt alt de persones autistes presenten un desordre del processament sensorial (DPS), per la qual cosa \u00e9s molt necessari que es facin un perfil sensorial per saber en quines \u00e0rees s\u00f3 hipersensibles (i cal que generin estrat\u00e8gies per no arribar a la saturaci\u00f3 sensorial) i en quines altres s\u00f3n hiposensibles (i necessiten major intensitat per registrar els est\u00edmuls)<\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e38e96f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e38e96f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3a9643 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a3a9643\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Teories evolutives<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c47419 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8c47419\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22b97e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22b97e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"\" data-start=\"187\" data-end=\"572\">Diverses teories evolutives han intentat explicar per qu\u00e8 les caracter\u00edstiques pr\u00f2pies de l\u2019autisme podrien haver tingut un valor adaptatiu al llarg de la hist\u00f2ria de la humanitat. Aquestes hip\u00f2tesis parteixen del sup\u00f2sit que la neurodiversitat no \u00e9s una anomalia, sin\u00f3 una expressi\u00f3 natural de la variabilitat humana, amb rols diferenciats per\u00f2 complementaris dins dels grups socials.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"187\" data-end=\"572\"><br><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"574\" data-end=\"1167\">Una de les teories m\u00e9s conegudes \u00e9s la del \u201cforragejador solitari\u201d, proposada per Christopher Badcock i Bernard Crespi. Segons aquesta hip\u00f2tesi, les persones amb trets autistes podrien haver estat especialment eficients en tasques que requerien concentraci\u00f3 individual, autonomia i resist\u00e8ncia a les pressions socials. En contextos prehist\u00f2rics, aquests individus haurien destacat com a observadors del medi natural, ca\u00e7adors silenciosos o creadors d\u2019eines, contribuint de manera fonamental a la superviv\u00e8ncia del grup mitjan\u00e7ant habilitats anal\u00edtiques i una forta mem\u00f2ria visual i procedural.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"574\" data-end=\"1167\"><br><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1694\">Des d\u2019una altra perspectiva, Simon Baron-Cohen ha proposat la teoria del cervell sistematitzador, segons la qual l\u2019autisme s\u2019associa amb una capacitat elevada per entendre sistemes l\u00f2gics i regularitats. Aquest estil cognitiu hauria estat altament \u00fatil en entorns on calia desenvolupar tecnologies primitives, comprendre patrons de comportament animal o predir fen\u00f2mens naturals. Aix\u00ed, les persones amb autisme podrien haver exercit un paper essencial com a guardians del coneixement i creadors de sistemes \u00fatils per al grup.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1694\"><br><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"2297\">Altres autors, com Thomas Armstrong i Steve Silberman, defensen que la variabilitat cognitiva, incloent-hi els trets autistes, \u00e9s una estrat\u00e8gia col\u00b7lectiva d\u2019adaptaci\u00f3. Segons aquesta visi\u00f3, la superviv\u00e8ncia dels grups humans no depenia nom\u00e9s de les habilitats socials o f\u00edsiques, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 de la pres\u00e8ncia de persones amb capacitats excepcionals en l\u2019observaci\u00f3, la perseveran\u00e7a, la resoluci\u00f3 de problemes i l\u2019especialitzaci\u00f3 en tasques concretes. En aquest sentit, la neurodiversitat enriquia el grup amb perspectives complement\u00e0ries, fent-lo m\u00e9s resilient i eficient davant els reptes ambientals.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1696\" data-end=\"2297\"><br><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2299\" data-end=\"2767\">Tamb\u00e9 cal destacar la teoria del processament perceptiu millorat, desenvolupada per Laurent Mottron i Michelle Dawson, segons la qual les persones amb autisme presenten una capacitat superior per percebre detalls i una processaci\u00f3 d\u2019informaci\u00f3 menys influ\u00efda pel context social. Aquest perfil cognitiu hauria estat avantatj\u00f3s en activitats que requerien alta precisi\u00f3, com la classificaci\u00f3 de plantes, la fabricaci\u00f3 d\u2019eines o la detecci\u00f3 de canvis subtils en l\u2019entorn.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2299\" data-end=\"2767\"><br><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2769\" data-end=\"3320\">Finalment, algunes aproximacions antropol\u00f2giques com la teoria de la \u201cdomesticaci\u00f3 humana\u201d, proposada per Richard Wrangham, suggereixen que l\u2019autisme podria representar una forma de desenvolupament menys marcada per les pressions de conformitat social. En aquest marc, els individus amb menys inclinaci\u00f3 cap a la sociabilitat o la submissi\u00f3 podrien haver preservat trets humans primitius com l\u2019autonomia, la racionalitat objectiva o la capacitat de resistir les influ\u00e8ncies grupals, contribuint aix\u00ed a l\u2019equilibri i la diversitat dins de la comunitat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2769\" data-end=\"3320\"><br><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3322\" data-end=\"3734\">En conjunt, aquestes teories evoquen una visi\u00f3 m\u00e9s rica i matisada de l\u2019autisme, allunyada dels models purament cl\u00ednics i centrada en el valor funcional que aquests perfils podrien haver tingut en l\u2019evoluci\u00f3 humana.&nbsp;<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autisme &#8220;L&#8217;amor \u00e9s el llenguatge universal que connecta cors, incl\u00fas quan les paraules s\u00f3n escasses&#8221; Kerry Magro Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l&#8217;autisme? Segons el DSM V, abreviaci\u00f3 de &#8220;Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders&#8221; (Manual Diagn\u00f2stic i Estad\u00edstic de Trastorns Mentals), l&#8217;autisme, sota la nomenclatura de TEA, \u00e9s un trastorn del neurodesenvolupament caracteritzat per dificultats en [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2940","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>autisme - Rac&oacute; de la calma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s (i qu\u00e8 no \u00e9s) l&#039;autisme? 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